Labour Market Profile - Dudley

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The profile brings together data from several sources. Details about these and related terminology are given in the definitions section.

All figures are the most recent available.

Resident Population

  Dudley
(numbers)
West Midlands
(numbers)
Great Britain
(numbers)
All people 323,600 5,956,200 65,078,900
Males 159,000 2,929,300 31,833,600
Females 164,600 3,026,900 33,245,300
Source: ONS Population estimates - local authority based by five year age band
  Dudley
(numbers)
Dudley
(%)
West Midlands
(%)
Great Britain
(%)
All people aged 16-64 196,500 60.7 61.9 62.9
Males aged 16-64 97,400 61.3 62.3 63.3
Females aged 16-64 99,100 60.2 61.4 62.6
Source: ONS Population estimates - local authority based by five year age band
Notes:   % is a proportion of total population

Labour Supply

  Dudley
(numbers)
Dudley
(%)
West Midlands
(%)
Great Britain
(%)
All people
Economically active† 156,100 77.9 77.7 78.4
In employment† 152,100 75.9 74.7 75.5
Employees† 132,600 66.3 66.2 66.1
Self employed† 19,400 9.6 8.4 9.2
Unemployed (model-based)§ 5,800 3.7 3.8 3.7
Males
Economically active† 84,500 84.2 82.5 82.2
In employment† 81,600 81.3 78.7 78.8
Employees† 68,400 67.9 67.0 66.8
Self employed† 13,200 13.4 11.5 11.8
Unemployed§ # # 4.6 4.0
Females
Economically active† 71,600 71.8 72.9 74.7
In employment† 70,500 70.6 70.7 72.1
Employees† 64,200 64.8 65.3 65.4
Self employed† 6,200 5.8 5.3 6.6
Unemployed§ ! ! 3.0 3.4
Source: ONS annual population survey
#   Sample size too small for reliable estimate (see definitions)
!   Estimate is not available since sample size is disclosive (see definitions)
†   -   numbers are for those aged 16 and over, % are for those aged 16-64
§   -   numbers and % are for those aged 16 and over. % is a proportion of economically active
  Dudley
(level)
Dudley
(%)
West Midlands
(%)
Great Britain
(%)
All people
Total 42,500 22.1 22.3 21.6
Student 9,300 22.0 26.5 26.8
looking after family/home 11,800 27.8 22.0 18.9
temporary sick # # 1.3 2.0
long-term sick 14,900 35.1 30.3 28.1
discouraged ! ! # 0.4
retired # # 9.1 12.9
other # # 10.2 11.0
 
wants a job 9,100 21.4 19.3 17.8
does not want a job 33,400 78.6 80.7 82.2
Source: ONS annual population survey
#   Sample size too small for reliable estimate (see definitions)
!   Estimate is not available since sample size is disclosive (see definitions)
Notes:   numbers are for those aged 16-64.
  % is a proportion of those economically inactive, except total, which is a proportion of those aged 16-64
  Dudley
West Midlands
Great Britain
Number of Workless Households 9,200 245,700 2,862,100
Percentage of Households that are Workless 9.6 13.5 13.9
Number of children in Workless Households # 128,600 1,196,600
Percentage of children who are in Households that are Workless # 10.6 9.8
Source: ONS annual population survey - households by combined economic activity status
#   Sample size too small for reliable estimate (see definitions)
Notes:   Only includes those households that have at least one person aged 16 to 64.
  Children refers to all children aged under 16.
  Dudley
(numbers)
Dudley
(%)
West Midlands
(%)
Great Britain
(%)
Soc 2020 major group 1-3 67,100 44.1 48.8 52.9
1 Managers, directors and senior officials 11,900 7.9 9.8 11.0
2 Professional occupations 35,900 23.6 24.7 26.6
3 Associate professional occupations 19,300 12.7 14.2 15.3
Soc 2020 major group 4-5 27,600 18.1 19.0 18.2
4 Administrative & secretarial occupations 10,100 6.6 9.7 9.4
5 Skilled trades occupations 17,500 11.5 9.3 8.7
Soc 2020 major group 6-7 32,400 21.3 14.1 14.6
6 Caring, leisure and Other Service occupations 20,200 13.3 8.3 8.4
7 Sales and customer service occs 12,200 8.0 5.8 6.2
Soc 2020 major group 8-9 25,000 16.4 18.1 14.3
8 Process plant & machine operatives 10,500 6.9 6.5 5.4
9 Elementary occupations 14,500 9.5 11.6 8.9
Source: ONS annual population survey
Notes:   Numbers and % are for those of 16+
  % is a proportion of all persons in employment
  Dudley
(level)
Dudley
(%)
West Midlands
(%)
Great Britain
(%)
RQF4 and above 76,100 40.0 42.5 47.3
RQF3 and above 118,600 62.3 63.6 67.8
RQF2 and above 174,500 91.7 84.3 86.5
RQF1 and above 176,500 92.7 87.5 89.0
Other qualifications # # 5.2 4.6
No qualifications 8,600 4.5 7.3 6.5
Source: ONS annual population survey
#   Sample size too small for reliable estimate (see definitions)
Notes:   For an explanation of the qualification levels see the definitions section.
  Numbers and % are for those of aged 16-64
  % is a proportion of resident population of area aged 16-64
  Dudley
(pounds)
West Midlands
(pounds)
Great Britain
(pounds)
Gross weekly pay
Full-time workers 681.7 689.9 729.8
Male full-time workers 702.5 727.1 777.5
Female full-time workers 633.2 634.8 673.2
Hourly pay - excluding overtime
Full-time workers 17.22 17.41 18.73
Male full-time workers 17.25 17.77 19.37
Female full-time workers 17.12 16.73 17.92
Source: ONS annual survey of hours and earnings - resident analysis
Notes:   Median earnings in pounds for employees living in the area.

Out-Of-Work Benefits

Under Universal Credit a broader span of claimants are required to look for work than under Jobseeker's Allowance. As Universal Credit Full Service is rolled out in particular areas, the number of people recorded as being on the Claimant Count is therefore likely to rise.

  Dudley
(numbers)
Dudley
(%)
West Midlands
(%)
Great Britain
(%)
All people 10,375 5.3 5.8 4.3
Males 5,715 5.9 6.5 4.7
Females 4,660 4.7 5.2 3.9
Source: ONS Claimant count by sex and age
Note:   % is the number of claimants as a proportion of resident population of area aged 16-64 and gender
  Dudley
(level)
Dudley
(%)
West Midlands
(%)
Great Britain
(%)
Aged 16+ 10,375 5.3 5.8 4.3
Aged 16 to 17 10 0.1 0.2 0.2
Aged 18 to 24 1,890 8.0 7.6 5.4
Aged 18 to 21 1,210 9.4 8.1 5.8
Aged 25 to 49 6,190 6.1 6.9 4.9
Aged 50+ 2,290 3.5 4.1 3.2
Source: ONS Claimant count by sex and age
Note:   % is number of claimants as a proportion of resident population of the same age

Labour Demand

  Dudley
(jobs)
Dudley
(density)
West Midlands
(density)
Great Britain
(density)
Jobs density 126,000 0.64 0.83 0.87
Source: ONS jobs density
Notes:   The density figures represent the ratio of total jobs to population aged 16-64.
  Total jobs includes employees, self-employed, government-supported trainees and HM Forces
  Dudley
(employee jobs)
Dudley
(%)
West Midlands
(%)
Great Britain
(%)
Total employee jobs 111,000 - - -
Full-time 74,000 66.7 68.5 68.8
Part-time 37,000 33.3 31.5 31.2
Employee jobs by industry
B : Mining and quarrying 10 0.0 0.0 0.1
C : Manufacturing 15,000 13.5 10.2 7.5
D : Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 40 0.0 0.5 0.4
E : Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 800 0.7 0.9 0.7
F : Construction 7,000 6.3 4.4 4.8
G : Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 22,000 19.8 15.3 13.7
H : Transportation and storage 3,500 3.2 6.1 5.0
I : Accommodation and food service activities 7,000 6.3 7.5 8.0
J : Information and communication 2,500 2.3 3.1 4.6
K : Financial and insurance activities 1,250 1.1 2.2 3.4
L : Real estate activities 1,250 1.1 1.7 1.9
M : Professional, scientific and technical activities 6,000 5.4 8.2 9.3
N : Administrative and support service activities 6,000 5.4 8.7 8.7
O : Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 5,000 4.5 4.2 4.7
P : Education 11,000 9.9 8.9 8.6
Q : Human health and social work activities 19,000 17.1 13.6 13.9
R : Arts, entertainment and recreation 2,250 2.0 2.4 2.6
S : Other service activities 1,750 1.6 2.0 1.9
Source: ONS Business Register and Employment Survey : open access
-   Data unavailable
Notes:   % is a proportion of total employee jobs excluding farm-based agriculture
  Employee jobs excludes self-employed, government-supported trainees and HM Forces
  Data excludes farm-based agriculture
  Dudley
(pounds)
West Midlands
(pounds)
Great Britain
(pounds)
Gross weekly pay
Full-time workers 676.7 688.4 729.6
Male full-time workers 685.1 726.4 776.8
Female full-time workers 662.7 632.6 673.4
Hourly pay - excluding overtime
Full-time workers 16.77 17.37 18.72
Male full-time workers 16.00 17.79 19.36
Female full-time workers 17.68 16.60 17.92
Source: ONS annual survey of hours and earnings - workplace analysis
Notes:   Median earnings in pounds for employees working in the area.

Businesses

  Dudley
(numbers)
Dudley
(%)
West Midlands
(numbers)
West Midlands
(%)
Enterprises
Micro (0 to 9) 8,655 87.5 192,235 88.9
Small (10 to 49) 1,055 10.7 19,495 9.0
Medium (50 to 249) 155 1.6 3,445 1.6
Large (250+) 30 0.3 960 0.4
Total 9,895 - 216,135 -
Local Units
Micro (0 to 9) 9,510 82.5 211,955 83.8
Small (10 to 49) 1,670 14.5 32,695 12.9
Medium (50 to 249) 330 2.9 7,240 2.9
Large (250+) 25 0.2 1,100 0.4
Total 11,530 - 252,985 -
Source: Inter Departmental Business Register (ONS)

Note:   % is as a proportion of total (enterprises or local units)

Definitions and Explanations

Resident Population
The estimated population of an area includes all those usually resident in the area, whatever their nationality. HM Forces stationed outside the United Kingdom are excluded but foreign forces stationed here are included. Students are taken to be resident at their term-time address.
Labour Supply

Labour supply consists of people who are employed, as well as those people defined as unemployed or economically inactive, who can be considered to be potential labour supply. Information in this section relates to the characteristics of people living in an area.

Most labour supply data comes from the Annual Population Survey (APS). The APS is the largest regular household survey in the United Kingdom. It includes data from the Labour Force Survey (LFS), plus further sample boosts in England, Wales and Scotland. The survey includes data from a sample of around 256,000 people aged 16 and over.

As APS estimates are based on samples, they are subject to sampling variability. This means that if another sample for the same period were drawn, a different estimate might be produced. In general, the larger the number of people in a sample, the smaller the variation between estimates. Estimates for smaller areas such as local authorities are therefore less reliable than those for larger areas such as regions. When the sample size is too small to produce reliable estimates, the estimates are replaced with a #.

Economically Active
Economically active
People who are either in employment or unemployed.
Economic activity rate
People, who are economically active, expressed as a percentage of all people.
In employment
People who did some paid work in the reference week (whether as an employee or self employed); those who had a job that they were temporarily away from (eg, on holiday); those on government-supported training and employment programmes; and those doing unpaid family work.
Employment rate
The number of people in employment expressed as a percentage of all people aged 16-64.
Employees and self employed
The division between employees and self employed is based on survey respondents' own assessment of their employment status. The percentage show the number in each category as a percentage of all people aged 16-64. The sum of employees and self employed will not equal the in employment figure due to the inclusion of those on government-supported training and employment programmes, and those doing unpaid family work in the latter.
Unemployed
Refers to people without a job who were available to start work in the two weeks following their interview and who had either looked for work in the four weeks prior to interview or were waiting to start a job they had already obtained.
Model-based unemployed

As unemployed form a small percentage of the population, the APS unemployed estimates within local authorities are based on very small samples so for many areas would be unreliable. To overcome this ONS has developed a statistical model that provides better estimates of total unemployed for unitary authorities and local authority districts (unemployment estimates for counties are direct survey estimates). Model-based estimates are not produced for male or female unemployed.

The model-based estimate improves on the APS estimate by borrowing strength from the Claimant Count to produce an estimate that is more precise (i.e. has a smaller confidence interval). The number of people measured by the Claimant Count is not itself a measure of unemployment but is strongly correlated with unemployment, and, as it is an administrative count, is known without sampling error. The gain in precision is greatest for areas with smaller sample sizes.

Unemployment rate
Unemployed as a percentage of the economically active population.
Economically inactive
Economically inactive
People who are neither in employment nor unemployed. This group includes, for example, all those who were looking after a home or retired.
Wanting a job
People not in employment who want a job but are not classed as unemployed because they have either not sought work in the last four weeks or are not available to start work.
Not wanting a job
People who are neither in employment nor unemployed and who do not want a job.
Workless Households
Households
A household is defined as a single person, or a group of people living at the same address who have the address as their only or main residence and either share one main meal a day or share living accommodation (or both). For the purposes of this table, estimates only include those households where at least 1 person is aged 16 to 64.
Workless households
Households where no-one aged 16 or over is in employment. These members may be unemployed or economically inactive. Economically inactive members may be unavailable to work because of family commitments, retirement or study, or unable to work through sickness or disability.
Children
Children refers to all children under 16.
Occupation
Occupations are classified according to the Standard Occupation Classification 2010. Descriptions of the job titles included in each code are available in the SOC manuals.
Qualifications

Qualifications data are only available from the APS for calendar year periods, for example, Jan to Dec 2022. From Jan to Dec 2022, qualifications are measured using the Registered Qualifications Framework (RQFs). Under RQFs, Trade Apprenticeships are accurately classified to the relevant levels. For Jan to Dec 2021 and prior, qualifications were measured using the National Vocational Qualifications framework (NVQs). The trade apprenticeships were split 50/50 between NVQ levels 2 and 3.

The variables show the total number of people who are qualified at a particular level and above, so data in this table are not additive. Separate figures for each RQF/NVQ level are available in the full Annual Population Survey data set (Query data).

No qualifications
No formal qualifications held.
Other qualifications
includes foreign qualifications and some professional qualifications.
RQF/NVQ 1 equivalent
e.g. fewer than 5 GCSEs at grades A-C, foundation GNVQ, NVQ 1, intermediate 1 national qualification (Scotland) or equivalent.
RQF/NVQ 2 equivalent
e.g. 5 or more GCSEs at grades A-C, intermediate GNVQ, NVQ 2, intermediate 2 national qualification (Scotland) or equivalent.
RQF/NVQ 3 equivalent
e.g. 2 or more A levels, advanced GNVQ, NVQ 3, 2 or more higher or advanced higher national qualifications (Scotland) or equivalent.
RQF/NVQ 4 equivalent and above
e.g. HND, Degree and Higher Degree level qualifications or equivalent.
Earnings by Residence

The figures show the median earnings in pounds for employees living in the area who are on adults rates of pay and whose pay was not affected by absence. Figures for earnings come from the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE). The ASHE is based on a 1 per cent sample of employees, information on whose earnings and hours is obtained from employers. The survey does not cover self-employed. Information relates to a pay period in April.

The earnings information collected relates to gross pay before tax, national insurance or other deductions, and excludes payments in kind. It is restricted to earnings relating to the survey pay period and so excludes payments of arrears from another period made during the survey period; any payments due as a result of a pay settlement but not yet paid at the time of the survey will also be excluded.

Out-Of-Work Benefits
Claimant Count (Experimental Statistics)

The Claimant Count is the number of people claiming benefit principally for the reason of being unemployed. This is measured by combining the number of people claiming Jobseeker's Allowance (JSA) and National Insurance credits with the number of people receiving Universal Credit principally for the reason of being unemployed. Claimants declare that they are out of work, capable of, available for and actively seeking work during the week in which the claim is made.

The measure of the number of people receiving Universal Credit principally for the reason of being unemployed is still being developed by the Department for Work and Pensions. Consequently this component of the total Claimant Count does not yet correctly reflect the target population of unemployed claimants and is subject to revisions. For this reason the Claimant Count is currently designated as Experimental Statistics.

The Claimant Count is mostly derived from DWP administrative systems. For various reasons, e.g. a claimant's National Insurance number is not known, a small number of claims have to be dealt with manually. These clerical claims do not have as much detail as the computerised claims and therefore, whilst part of the claimant count by sex table, cannot be included the age breakdown.

Rates by age

Unemployment benefits normally only apply to people aged 18 years and over. They can only be claimed by 16 and 17 year olds in exceptional circumstances. Consequently the counts for this age group are typically very low.

Labour Demand

Labour demand includes jobs available within the area.

Jobs Density

The level of jobs per resident aged 16-64. For example, a job density of 1.0 would mean that there is one job for every resident aged 16-64.

The total number of jobs is a workplace-based measure and comprises employee jobs, self-employed, government-supported trainees and HM Forces. The number of residents aged 16-64 figures used to calculate jobs densities are based on the relevant mid-year population estimates.

Employee Jobs

The number of jobs held by employees. Employee jobs excludes self-employed, government-supported trainees and HM Forces, so this count will be smaller than the total jobs figure shown in the Jobs density table. The information comes from the Business Register and Employment Survey (BRES) - an employer survey conducted in September of each year. The BRES records a job at the location of an employee's workplace (rather than at the location of the business's main office).

Full-time and part-time:
In the BRES, part-time employees are those working for 30 or fewer hours per week.
Note
All figures exclude farm-based agriculture
Earnings by Place of Work

The figures show the median earnings in pounds for employees working in the area who are on adults rates of pay and whose pay was not affected by absence. Figures for earnings come from the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE). The ASHE is based on a 1 per cent sample of employees, information on whose earnings and hours is obtained from employers. The survey does not cover self-employed. In 2004 information related to the pay period which included 21 April.

The earnings information collected relates to gross pay before tax, national insurance or other deductions, and excludes payments in kind. It is restricted to earnings relating to the survey pay period and so excludes payments of arrears from another period made during the survey period; any payments due as a result of a pay settlement but not yet paid at the time of the survey will also be excluded.

UK Business Counts

The data contained in the table are compiled from an extract taken from the Inter-Departmental Business Register (IDBR) recording the position of units as at March of the reference year. The IDBR contains information on VAT traders and PAYE employers in a statistical register which provides the basis for the Office for National Statistics to conduct surveys of businesses.

The table presents analysis of businesses at both Enterprise and Local Unit level. An Enterprise is the smallest combination of legal units (generally based on VAT and/or PAYE records) which has a certain degree of autonomy within an Enterprise Group. An individual site (for example a factory or shop) in an enterprise is called a local unit.

The employment information on the IDBR is drawn mainly from the Business Register Employment Survey (BRES). Because this is based on a sample of enterprises, estimates from previous returns and from other ONS surveys have also been used. For the smallest units, either PAYE jobs or employment imputed from VAT turnover is used.

Estimates in the table are rounded to prevent disclosure.

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Source: Office for National Statistics

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